Spatio-Temporal Graph Structure Learning for Earthquake Detection

Abstract: Earthquake detection is essential for earthquake early warning (EEW) systems. Traditional methods struggle with low signal-to-noise ratios and single-station reliance, limiting their effectiveness. We propose a Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) using Spectral Structure Learning Convolution (Spectral SLC) to model static and dynamic relationships across seismic stations. Our approach processes multi-station waveform data and generates station-specific detection probabilities. Experiments show superior performance over a conventional GCN baseline in terms of true positive rate (TPR) and false positive rate (FPR), highlighting its potential for robust multi-station earthquake detection. The code repository for this study is available at https://github.com/SuchanunP/eq_detector.