Flavour and Electroweak Precision Constraints on a Simplified Dark Matter Model with a Light Spin-0 Mediator

Abstract: This work investigates the allowed parameter spaces of a simplified dark matter (DM) model characterized by a spin-0 mediator with masses in the low to intermediate range ($ < $ 10 GeV). We systematically divide the parameter space into various mass regions of the mediator and constrain the model parameters using a diverse set of observables, including flavour-changing charged and neutral current processes such as rare and semi-leptonic decays of pseudoscalar mesons (B and K), electroweak precision observables alongside data from fixed-target experiments. Additionally, we explore the model's capability to explain recent Belle-II data on invisible B-meson decays. Our study includes a detailed examination of DM properties and the constraints from Big Bang nucleosynthesis. We present bounds on model parameters through individual and simultaneous analyses of the available inputs and highlight their implications for understanding DM phenomenology. Furthermore, we obtain the bound on the couplings of the possible gauge invariant dimension-5 operators, leading to the possible interactions between the spin-0 mediator and the SM gauge bosons and fermions. This study comprehensively investigates the constraints and theoretical implications associated with low-mass spin-0 mediator DM models.