Can news and social media attention reduce the influence of problematic research?

Abstract: News and social media are widely used to disseminate science, but do they also help raise awareness of problems in research? This study investigates whether high levels of news and social media attention might accelerate the retraction process and increase the visibility of retracted articles. To explore this, we analyzed 15,642 news mentions, 6,588 blog mentions, and 404,082 X mentions related to 15,461 retracted articles. Articles receiving high levels of news and X mentions were retracted more quickly than non-mentioned articles in the same broad field and with comparable publication years, author impact, and journal impact. However, this effect was not statistically signicant for articles with high levels of blog mentions. Notably, articles frequently mentioned in the news experienced a significant increase in annual citation rates after their retraction, possibly because media exposure enhances the visibility of retracted articles, making them more likely to be cited. These findings suggest that increased public scrutiny can improve the efficiency of scientific self-correction, although mitigating the influence of retracted articles remains a gradual process.