RECKON: Large-scale Reference-based Efficient Knowledge Evaluation for Large Language Model

Abstract: As LLMs advance, efficient knowledge evaluation becomes crucial to verifying their capabilities. Traditional methods, relying on benchmarks, face limitations such as high resource costs and information loss. We propose the Large-scale Reference-based Efficient Knowledge Evaluation for LLM (RECKON), which directly uses reference data to evaluate models. RECKON organizes unstructured data into manageable units and generates targeted questions for each cluster, improving evaluation accuracy and efficiency. Experimental results show that RECKON reduces resource consumption by 56.5% compared to traditional methods while achieving over 97% accuracy across various domains, including world knowledge, code, legal, and biomedical datasets. Code is available at https://github.com/MikeGu721/reckon