Area, Volume and Capacity in non--compact $3$--manifolds with non--negative scalar curvature

Abstract: Let $(M,g)$ be a $3$--dimensional, complete, one--ended Riemannian manifold, with a minimal, compact and connected boundary. We assume that $M$ has a simple topology and that the scalar curvature of $(M,g)$ is non--negative. Moreover, we suppose that $(M,g)$ admits a $2$--capacitary potential $v$ with $v,\,\vert \nabla v\vert\to 0$ at infinity. In this note, we provide a gradient integral estimate for the level sets of the function $u=1-v$. This estimate leads to a sharp volume comparison for the sub--level sets of $u$, and a sharp area comparison of the level sets of $u$. From this last comparison it follows a sharp area--capacity inequality, originally derived by Bray and Miao, thereby extending its cases of validity. This work is based on a paper by Colding and Minicozzi. Finally, for completeness, we also show the same type of area and volume comparison, in the case where $(M,g)$ has no boundary, replacing the function $u$ with one related to the minimal positive Green's function. This volume comparison leads to a more geometric proof of the positive mass inequality than the one given in \cite{Ago_Maz_Oro}.