Enabling Continuous 5G Connectivity in Aircraft through Low Earth Orbit Satellites

Abstract: As air travel demand increases, uninterrupted high-speed internet access becomes essential. However, current satellite-based systems face latency and connectivity challenges. While prior research has focused on terrestrial 5G and geostationary satellites, there is a gap in optimizing Low Earth Orbit (LEO)-based 5G systems for aircraft. This study evaluates the feasibility of deployment strategies and improving signal quality with LEO satellites for seamless in-flight 5G connectivity. Using Matlab and Simulink, we model satellite trajectories, aircraft movement, and handover mechanisms, complemented by ray-tracing techniques for in-cabin signal analysis. Results show that proposed LEO satellite configurations enhance coverage and reduce latency, with sequential handovers minimizing service interruptions. These findings contribute to advancing in-flight 5G networks, improving passenger experience, and supporting real-time global connectivity solutions.