Convergence Analysis of a Stochastic Interacting Particle-Field Algorithm for 3D Parabolic-Parabolic Keller-Segel Systems

Abstract: Chemotaxis models describe the movement of organisms in response to chemical gradients. In this paper, we present a stochastic interacting particle-field algorithm with random batch approximation (SIPF-$r$) for the three-dimensional (3D) parabolic-parabolic Keller-Segel (KS) system, also known as the fully parabolic KS system. The SIPF-$r$ method approximates the KS system by coupling particle-based representations of density with a smooth field variable computed using spectral methods. By incorporating the random batch method (RBM), we bypass the mean-field limit and significantly reduce computational complexity. Under mild assumptions on the regularity of the original KS system and the boundedness of numerical approximations, we prove that, with high probability, the empirical measure of the SIPF-$r$ particle system converges to the exact measure of the limiting McKean-Vlasov process in the $1$-Wasserstein distance. Numerical experiments validate the theoretical convergence rates and demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the SIPF-$r$ method.