General Duffin--Schaeffer-type counterexamples in diophantine approximation

Abstract: Duffin and Schaeffer provided a famous counterexample to show that Khintchine's theorem fails without monotonicity assumption. Given any monotonically decreasing approximation function with divergent series, we construct Duffin--Schaeffer-type counterexamples by restricting the denominator. We also extend these constructions to the inhomogeneous setting. Our results resolve some natural questions arising from the works of Erd\H{o}s, Vaaler, and Yu.