Quantum network sensing with efficient multi-partite entanglement distribution via lossy channels

Abstract: Quantum network sensing shows potential to enhance the estimation precision for functions of spatially distributed parameters beyond the shot noise limit. The key resource required for this task is possibly multi-partite quantum entanglement. The photonic entanglement is the most natural for this task; however, distributing it over long distances presents significant difficulties, mainly because of unavoidable loss in communication channels. In this research, we analyze a quantum network sensing protocol based on a recently proposed, efficient GHZ state distribution scheme. In comparison to conventional methods based on entanglement distribution , our protocol shows the decreasing loss-induced estimation error of certain functions of distributed parameters including their arbitrary linear combinations.