Scaling DeFi with ZK Rollups: Design, Deployment, and Evaluation of a Real-Time Proof-of-Concept

Abstract: Ethereum's scalability limitations pose significant challenges for the adoption of decentralized applications (dApps). Zero-Knowledge Rollups (ZK Rollups) present a promising solution, bundling transactions off-chain and submitting validity proofs on-chain to enhance throughput and efficiency. In this work, we examine the technical underpinnings of ZK Rollups and stress test their performance in real-world applications in decentralized finance (DeFi). We set up a proof-of-concept (PoC) consisting of ZK rollup and decentralized exchange, and implement load balancer generating token swaps. Our results show that the rollup can process up to 71 swap transactions per second, compared to 12 general transaction by Ethereum. We further analyze transaction finality trade-offs with related security concerns, and discuss the future directions for integrating ZK Rollups into Ethereum's broader ecosystem.