Rydberg blockade mechanism through the lens of graph theory: characterization and applications

Abstract: The Rydberg blockade phenomenon is fundamental to quantum algorithms employing neutral atom devices. By preventing two neighboring atoms from being simultaneously excited, it facilitates the embedding of unit disk graphs. This paper provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the Rydberg blockade and its behavior under various drive schemes. We introduce new metrics for graph embedding, specifically the correlation matrix and maximum independence violation, and apply them to facilitate the embedding of disk graphs, a parent class of the unit disk graph class. Furthermore, we address the Maximum Independent Set (MIS) problem on embedded disk graphs and demonstrate that a local drive, informed by local blockade radii, outperforms the globally applied drive commonly used for solving the MIS problem in unit disk graphs.