Synchronization of lasers with complex spatio-temporal dynamics

Abstract: Synchronization is among the most fascinating dynamical behaviors through which oscillators like lasers align their temporal dynamics under weak coupling. So far, experimental studies have been restricted to lasers exhibiting structured temporal dynamics, such as periodic, mode-locked, or chaotic regimes, the latter usually induced by feedback or optical injection. We now successfully achieve synchronization of two spatially extended lasers with intrinsically chaotic dynamics. We observe synchronization when a dominant transverse mode of the master laser becomes spectrally aligned with a mode of the slave, without requiring matching between the spatial field profiles. Several dynamical regimes are identified, including synchronization of fast chaotic fluctuations and low-frequency polarization hopping, along with switching between normal and inverse synchronization. These results show that the presence of complex dynamics in space and time does not hinder synchronization; instead, it enables a variety of synchronization regimes. Our findings offer new insights into how multimode chaotic lasers can self-organize through weak coupling, highlighting the role of spectral alignment and dominant modes in the emergence of synchronized behavior. In addition, synchronizing lasers that are chaotic without feedback enables simpler and more compact systems in view of applications such as physical cryptography or optical computing.