Quantum droplets in rapidly rotating two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates

Abstract: Recent experiments demonstrate that rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) near the lowest Landau level can self-organize into interaction-driven persistent droplet arrays. Inspired by this discovery, we investigate the formation and dynamics of single droplet and droplet arrays in rapidly rotating BECs. Guided by a rigorous theorem on localized many-body states for 2D interacting systems in a magnetic field, we construct single droplet and droplet arrays states which are shown to be stationary solutions to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in the rotating frame. The single droplet is shown to be dynamically stable, which underpins its role as the basic unit in a droplet array. The stability of the droplet arrays is demonstrated by their dynamic formation from a phase engineered initial condensate. Our study sheds light onto the nature of the droplet state in a rapidly rotating BEC and offers a new approach for generating and manipulating quantum droplet arrays through designing the initial condensate phase.