Investigating QED Effects on the Thin Accretion Disk Properties Around Rotating Euler-Heisenberg Black Holes

Abstract: The Einstein Euler Heisenberg (EEH) black hole model represents an extension of classical black hole solutions in general relativity by incorporating quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections. These corrections are introduced through the inclusion of the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian, which accounts for the nonlinear effects of QED in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields. This study investigates the observational properties of a thin accretion disk surrounding the electrically charged rotating EEH black hole. By exploring the influence of the spin parameter and charge on key dynamical quantities such as the energy, angular momentum, angular velocity, and the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of a test particle it becomes possible to analyze the radiative flux, temperature distribution, and differential luminosity of the thin accretion disk in the spacetime of the charged rotating EEH black hole. The results are compared to those of Kerr and Kerr Newman black holes in General relativity, revealing that QED corrections are found to increase the ISCO radius. Specifically, for a fixed electric charge, an increasing spin parameter leads to a larger ISCO radius compared to the standard Kerr black holes as a result of additional electromagnetic corrections introduced by the Euler Heisenberg theory. Conversely, when the spin parameter is held constant, an increase in the electric charge reduces the ISCO radius. Additionally, thin accretion disks around charged EEH rotating black holes exhibit higher temperatures and greater efficiency when the spin parameter is fixed and the electric charge is increased.