Synergies between Euclid, Roman and JWST Could Reveal Quasars at up to $z \sim$ 15

Abstract: Although supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are found at the centers of most galaxies today, over 300 have now been discovered at $z >$ 6, including a $4 \times 10^7$ M${\odot}$ BH in UHZ1 at $z = 10.1$ and an $8\times10^7$ M${\odot}$ BH in GHZ9 at $z =$ 10.4. They are thought to form when 10$^4$ - 10$^5$ M${\odot}$ primordial stars die as direct-collapse black holes (DCBHs) at $z \sim$ 20 - 25. While studies have shown that DCBHs should be visible at birth at $z \gtrsim$ 20 in the near infrared (NIR) to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), none have considered SMBH detections at later stages growth down to $z \sim$ 6 - 7. Here, we present continuum NIR luminosities for a quasar like ULAS J1120+0641, a $1.35 \times 10^9$ M${\odot}$ BH at $z =$ 7.1, from a cosmological simulation for Euclid, Roman Space Telescope (RST) and JWST bands from $z =$ 6 - 15. We find that Euclid and RST could detect such BHs, including others like UHZ1 and GHZ9, at much earlier stages of evolution, out to $z \sim$ 14 - 15, and that their redshifts could be confirmed spectroscopically with JWST. Synergies between these three telescopes could thus reveal the numbers of quasars at much higher redshifts and discriminate between their formation channels because Euclid and RST can capture large numbers of them in wide-field surveys for further study by JWST.