Spin squeezing generation in atom-cavity systems: on the effects of adiabatic elimination beyond the leading order

Abstract: Spin-squeezed states are a prototypical example of metrologically useful quantum states where structured entanglement allows for enhanced sensing with respect to that possible using classically correlated particles. Key challenges include the efficient preparation of spin-squeezed states and the scalability of estimation precision with the number $N$ of probes. Recently, in the context of the generation of spin-squeezed states via coupling of three-level atoms to an optical cavity, it was shown that increasing the atom-cavity coupling can be detrimental to spin-squeezing generation, an effect that is not captured by the standard second-order adiabatic cavity removal approximation. We describe adiabatic elimination techniques to derive an effective Lindblad master equation up to third order for the atomic degrees of freedom. We then show through numerical simulations that the spin-squeezing scalability loss is correctly reproduced by the reduced open system dynamics, pinpointing the relevant role of higher-order contributions.