Efficient Implementation of a Single-Qutrit Gate Set via Coherent Control

Abstract: Qutrit offers the potential for enhanced quantum computation by exploiting an enlarged Hilbert space. However, the synthesis of high-fidelity and fast qutrit gates, particularly for single qutrit, remains an ongoing challenge, as it involves overcoming intrinsic constraints in quantum platforms. Here, we develop a novel framework for the efficient implementation of a single-qutrit gate set via coherent control, leveraging SU(3) dynamics while obviating platform-specific constraints such as arising from the selection rule. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we realize 35 ns qutrit Hadamard and X gates using a superconducting transmon, achieving an average fidelity of 99.5\%, as verified by randomized benchmarking. We further demonstrate two paradigmatic quantum circuits, which can be naturally extended to scalable qudit algorithms for phase estimation and parity check. By addressing the challenge of efficiently implementing single-qutrit gates, our protocol paves the pathway for realizing high-performance qutrit processors in diverse quantum platforms.