Designing a Feedback-Driven Decision Support System for Dynamic Student Intervention

Abstract: Accurate prediction of student performance is essential for timely academic intervention. However, most machine learning models in education are static and cannot adapt when new data, such as post-intervention outcomes, become available. To address this limitation, we propose a Feedback-Driven Decision Support System (DSS) with a closed-loop architecture that enables continuous model refinement. The system integrates a LightGBM-based regressor with incremental retraining, allowing educators to input updated student results, which automatically trigger model updates. This adaptive mechanism improves prediction accuracy by learning from real-world academic progress. The platform features a Flask-based web interface for real-time interaction and incorporates SHAP for explainability, ensuring transparency. Experimental results show a 10.7\% reduction in RMSE after retraining, with consistent upward adjustments in predicted scores for intervened students. By transforming static predictors into self-improving systems, our approach advances educational analytics toward human-centered, data-driven, and responsive AI. The framework is designed for integration into LMS and institutional dashboards.