Understanding Fermat's Last Theorem's Proofs

Abstract: We take the perspective of an advanced high school student trying to understand the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem for the first time. We collect definitions and statements needed to summarise how Fermat's Last Theorem was first proved in 1995 as well as to see how the argument has simplified since then. We include a current timeline, outlines of proofs, background material and recent developments, as well as to organise the content in a way that is beginner friendly, offering a preview of what students may expect to learn more deeply in the future.