Machine-learning based particle-flow algorithm in CMS

Abstract: The particle-flow (PF) algorithm provides a global event description by reconstructing final-state particles and is central to event reconstruction in CMS. Recently, end-to-end ML approaches have been proposed to directly optimize physical quantities of interest and to leverage heterogeneous computing architectures. One such approach, machine-learned particle flow (MLPF), uses a transformer model to infer particles directly from tracks and clusters in a single pass. We present recent CMS developments in MLPF, including training datasets, model architecture, reconstruction metrics, and integration with offline reconstruction software.