Wave-particle duality and entanglement in neutrino oscillation

Abstract: We analyze neutrino oscillations from the perspective of quantum complementarity by extending the familiar wave-particle duality into a exact triality relation among visibility, predictability, and entanglement. Using a density-matrix approach, we construct explicit measures of these quantities in both two- and three-flavor frameworks and show that they satisfy an exact conservation-like identity throughout oscillation evolution. In this picture, visibility corresponds to interference strength, predictability to flavor imbalance, and entanglement to the reduction of purity due to flavor correlations. We demonstrate that neutrino oscillations naturally exhibit regimes of maximal entanglement, vanishing coherence, and entanglement monogamy constraining flavor correlations. Our results establish that long-baseline neutrino oscillations realize the triality relation in an energy-dependent way, with T2K probing vacuum-like coherence entanglement balance and DUNE revealing the decisive role of matter e ects in redistributing the quantum information budget.