A Dataset of Weather Station-Scale Photosynthetic Phenology in Mid- to High-Latitude Regions of the Northern Hemisphere

Abstract: This study extracted photosynthetic phenology indicators (SOS, POS, EOS) from daily GPP data at the weather-station scale for the mid- to high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere from 2001 to 2019. The resulting dataset covers nearly 60,000 site-years, with more than 1,000 stations maintaining complete 19-year records. Results reveal pronounced spatial variability, with distinct trends across vegetation types and aridity zones. Compared with flux networks and satellite-based products, this dataset greatly enhances data availability for phenology studies and provides a solid foundation for assessing the impacts of local hydrothermal conditions and extreme climate events on phenology.