Network signflip parallel analysis for selecting the embedding dimension

Abstract: This paper investigates the problem of selecting the embedding dimension for large heterogeneous networks that have weakly distinguishable community structure. For a broad family of embeddings based on normalized adjacency matrices, we introduce a novel spectral method that compares the eigenvalues of the normalized adjacency matrix to those obtained after randomly signflipping its entries. The proposed method, called network signflip parallel analysis (NetFlipPA), is interpretable, simple to implement, data driven, and does not require users to carefully tune parameters. For large random graphs arising from degree-corrected stochastic blockmodels with weakly distinguishable community structure (and consequently, non-diverging eigenvalues), NetFlipPA provably recovers the spectral noise floor (i.e., the upper-edge of the eigenvalues corresponding to the noise component of the normalized adjacency matrix). NetFlipPA thus provides a statistically rigorous randomization-based method for selecting the embedding dimension by keeping the eigenvalues that rise above the recovered spectral noise floor. Compared to traditional cutoff-based methods, the data-driven threshold used in NetFlipPA is provably effective under milder assumptions on the node degree heterogeneity and the number of node communities. Our main results rely on careful non-asymptotic perturbation analysis and leverage recent progress on local laws for nonhomogeneous Wigner-type random matrices.