Mitigating Detuning-Induced Systematic Errors in Entanglement-Enhanced Metrology

Abstract: Quantum sensing leverages non-classical resources to enhance precision. In particular, Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states can, in principle, attain the Heisenberg limit that surpasses the standard quantum limit. While many studies have examined how open-system noise-typically modeled with Lindblad master equations-degrades GHZ-based metrology, coherent control imperfections during state preparation and readout have received less attention. Here, we analyze the effect of detuning between actual and nominal spin frequencies in a GHZ-state preparation scheme employing a frequency selective pulse. We show that detuning induces coherent, systematic error that prevents GHZ sensing from reaching the Heisenberg limit. To mitigate this effect, we design a composite-pulse protocol that compensates for detuning-induced errors and improves the sensitivity under the effect of coherent error.