Automated Prompt Generation for Code Intelligence: An Empirical study and Experience in WeChat

Abstract: Large Code Models (LCMs) show potential in code intelligence, but their effectiveness is greatly influenced by prompt quality. Current prompt design is mostly manual, which is time-consuming and highly dependent on specific LCMs and tasks. While automated prompt generation (APG) exists in NLP, it is underexplored for code intelligence. This creates a gap, as automating the prompt process is essential for developers facing diverse tasks and black-box LCMs. To mitigate this, we empirically investigate two important parts of APG: Instruction Generation (IG) and Multi-Step Reasoning (MSR). IG provides a task-related description to instruct LCMs, while MSR guides them to produce logical steps before the final answer. We evaluate widely-used APG methods for each part on four open-source LCMs and three code intelligence tasks: code translation (PL-PL), code summarization (PL-NL), and API recommendation (NL-PL).Experimental results indicate that both IG and MSR dramatically enhance performance compared to basic prompts. Based on these results, we propose a novel APG approach combining the best methods of the two parts. Experiments show our approach achieves average improvements of 28.38% in CodeBLEU (code translation), 58.11% in ROUGE-L (code summarization), and 84.53% in SuccessRate@1 (API recommendation) over basic prompts. To validate its effectiveness in an industrial scenario, we evaluate our approach on WeChat-Bench, a proprietary dataset, achieving an average MRR improvement of 148.89% for API recommendation.