On the smooth Lorentzian optimal transport problem

Abstract: In this paper, we want to establish some general results in the Lorentzian optimal transport theory that have well-known Riemannian counterparts. As a first result, we will provide non-trivial assumptions on the measures to ensure strong (Kantorovich) duality, i.e. the existence of a maximizing pair in the dual optimal transport formulation. We will also show that, under suitable assumptions, optimality of a causal coupling is characterized by $c$-cyclical monotonicity. The second result deals with the regularity of $c$-convex functions and (weak) Kantorovich potentials. We show that, in general, regularity results known in the Riemannian context do not extend to the Lorentzian setting. Under suitable assumptions on the measures, we will prove nevertheless that these (weak) potentials are locally semconvex on an open set of full measure. As our last result, we will prove that, under quite general assumptions, for any two intermediates measures along a displacement interpolation, there exists a $C^{1,1}_{loc}$-regular maximizing pair in the dual formulation.