Transformations of the 2-component BKP tau functions

Abstract: The 2-component BKP (2-BKP) hierarchy is an important integrable system corresponding to the infinite dimensional Lie algebras $b_{\infty}$ and $d_{\infty}$, which contains Novikov-Veselov equation and can be used to describe the total descendent potential of D type singularity. Here we firstly introduce the projections of the mixed pseudo-differential operators to rewrite the 2-BKP Lax equation in the Shiota construction, where the scalar Lax operators involving two differential operators $\partial_1$ and $\partial_2$ are used. Based upon this, the $(M_1,M_2)$-reduction of the 2-BKP hierarchy is given. After that, we give the most important result of this paper, i.e., the transformations of the 2-BKP tau functions, which are in fact the 2-BKP Darboux transformations. Here we further give the corresponding changes in the 2-BKP Lax operators. Also the corresponding results are investigated for the reduction case. Finally, the additional symmetries can be viewed as the special cases of the transformations of the 2-BKP tau functions. Besides, we discuss the Pfaffian identities of the 2-BKP tau functions by successive applications of the above transformations, which are closely related with the 2-BKP addition formulae.