Kuznecov formulae for fractal measures

Abstract: Let $(M,g)$ be a compact, connected Riemannian manifold of dimension $n\ge 2$, and let ${e_j}{j=0}^\infty$ be an orthonormal basis of Laplace eigenfunctions $-Δ_g e_j=λ_j^2 e_j$. Given a finite Borel measure $μ$ on $M$, consider the Kuznecov sum [ Nμ(λ):=\sum_{λj\le λ}\Bigl|\int_M e_j\,dμ\Bigr|^2. ] Assume that $μ$ is $s$-Ahlfors regular for some $s\in(0,n)$ and admits an averaged $s$-density constant $Aμ$. We prove that [ N_μ(λ) = (2π)^{-(n-s)}\,{\rm vol}\,(B^{\,n-s})\,A_μ\,λ^{n-s} + o(λ^{n-s}) \qquad (λ\to\infty). ] The hypotheses of $s$-Ahlfors regularity and the averaged $s$-density condition are essentially optimal for such a one-term asymptotic, and in general the remainder $o(λ^{n-s})$ cannot be improved uniformly to a power-saving error term. This extends the classical Kuznecov formulae of Zelditch for smooth submanifold measures to a broad class of singular and fractal measures.