Efficient Data Reduction Via PCA-Guided Quantile Based Sampling

Abstract: In large-scale statistical modeling, reducing data size through subsampling is essential for balancing computational efficiency and statistical accuracy. We propose a new method, Principal Component Analysis guided Quantile Sampling (PCA-QS), which projects data onto principal components and applies quantile-based sampling to retain representative and diverse subsets. Compared with uniform random sampling, leverage score sampling, and coreset methods, PCA-QS consistently achieves lower mean squared error and better preservation of key data characteristics, while also being computationally efficient. This approach is adaptable to a variety of data scenarios and shows strong potential for broad applications in statistical computing.