The Commodification of AI Sovereignty: Lessons from the Fight for Sovereign Oil

Abstract: "Sovereignty" is increasingly a part of national AI policies and strategies. At the same time that "sovereignty" is invoked as a priority for global AI policy, it is also being commodified along the AI stack. Companies now sell "sovereign" AI factories, clouds, and LLMs to governments, enterprises, and communities -- turning a contested value into a commercial commodity. This shift risks allowing private technology providers to define sovereignty on their own terms. By analyzing the history of sovereignty and parallels in global oil production, this paper aims to open avenues to interrogate the implications of this value's commercialization. The contributions of this paper lie in a disentangling of the facets of sovereignty being appealed to through the AI stack and a case for how analogizing oil and AI can be generative in thinking through what is achieved and what can be achieved through the commodification of AI sovereignty.