When Humans Don't Feel Like an Option: Contextual Factors That Shape When Older Adults Turn to Conversational AI for Emotional Support

Abstract: Older adults are increasingly turning to conversational AI for emotional expression. While prior research has examined general attitudes toward AI companionship, little is known about the specific moments when and why older adults choose AI over close others for emotional support. This study addresses this gap by examining the moment-level conditions that shape these decisions in everyday life. Drawing on interviews with 18 older adults, we identify three contextual factors: temporal unavailability of human contacts, relational considerations around burden and evaluation, and self-presentation concerns tied to dignity and face-saving. Our findings reveal how age-related needs for independence, dignity, and valued self-presentation shape these everyday decisions. This work shifts attention from general patterns of AI use to the moment-level circumstances in which emotionally supportive engagement emerges. By foregrounding these situated dynamics, we provide an empirical foundation for context-sensitive responsible AI design and future research on emotional support-seeking in later life.