Unknown axion mass governing the spatial extent of AQN-induced emission

Determine the mass of axions (or axion-like particles) produced by axion anti-quark nuggets during interactions in the Earth, which controls the spatial extent of the axion emission region and is currently unknown.

Background

In the AQN scenario, partial annihilation of baryon charge causes the axion domain wall to oscillate and radiate relativistic axions. The field profile and thickness of the domain wall, and thus the spatial and temporal characteristics of axion emission, depend on the axion mass.

The authors emphasize that the axion mass is currently unknown and that it sets the scale over which these axions are emitted (potentially up to centimeters), impacting detectability in large liquid noble detectors via axio-electric interactions.

References

Depending on the axion mass, which is currently unknown, the axion emission region can extend to distances of order centimeters.

— A New Way to Detect Axions from $\rm{A\bar{Q}Ns}$ Captured in the Earth  (2603.29904 - Lazanu et al., 31 Mar 2026) in Subsection "AQN-induced axions" within Section 2 (Macroscopic composites as DM)