Determine Denisovan contribution across Oceania beyond the Philippines and Papua New Guinea

Determine the extent to which Denisovan introgression contributed to the genomes of Oceanian populations outside the Philippines and Papua New Guinea by quantifying Denisovan ancestry proportions across additional Oceanian populations using formal tests such as the D-statistic and f4-ratio.

Background

Oceania is highlighted for notable Denisovan introgression, with strong evidence in the Philippines and Papua New Guinea. The authors note that while these regions are well characterized, the degree to which Denisovan ancestry contributed to other Oceanian populations remains insufficiently characterized.

The study later applies formal tests (D-statistic and f4-ratio) and ancestry-specific analyses to estimate Denisovan ancestry in various populations, but the introduction explicitly flags the broader regional contribution as not fully determined.