Extend the ND model to other illumination cycle types

Extend the mathematical model for the nanoscale transmitter comprising an energizing module (light-driven proton pumps) and a release module (H+-driven symporters) beyond the single illumination cycle type analyzed (phases P1–P4 with symporter activation), to cover illumination cycles in which different combinations of modules are active, including cycles where the symporters do not become active during illumination.

Background

The paper models a nanoscale transmitter based on a synthetic vesicle that uses light-driven proton pumps to create an electrochemical gradient and H+-substrate symporters to release encapsulated molecules. The system’s operation is described as a sequence of four phases within an illumination cycle: leakage only, energizing plus leakage, energizing plus release plus leakage, and release plus leakage, with symporter activation determined by a proton concentration threshold.

In Section 3.1, the authors note that other types of illumination cycles can occur, such as cycles where the symporters do not become active. They analyze only one specific cycle type in detail and explicitly state that extending their model to other cycle types remains to be done, identifying this as future work.