Exactly Solvable Schrödinger equations with Singularities: A Systematic Approach to Solving Complexified Potentials (part1)

Abstract: This paper gives a new perspective on how to solve the second-order linear differential equation written in normal form. Extending the argument of the potential to a complex number leads to solving exactly the Schr\"odinger equation when the potential is complex using the factorization method. This method leads to solving two Riccati nonlinear equations and by constructing the only possible superpotential, the factorization method gives the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions in closed form for potentials satisfying the shape invariance property. Extending the potential to the complex argument has led to discovering new exactly solvable ones. In this first part, the basic superpotentials are divided into different groups, each group contains the superpotentials that share common terms. All of the already known solvable real potentials will fall into this category and are derived as special cases. This set of exactly solvable complexified potentials has already uncovered some of the properties of quantum mechanics, like the tunneling effect through the forbidden region, happening with high probabilities between multiwells, bound states in the continuum (BIC), and other properties. These results have potential applications in all fields of sciences, from physics, chemistry, biology, etc., where the eigenvalue problem plays an important role.