Enhancing Microgrid Resilience with Green Hydrogen Storage

Abstract: We consider the problem of hydrogen storage integration in microgrids to improve the electricity supply resilience. Nonlinear effects from electrochemical models of electrolyzers and fuel cells for hydrogen storage are considered, making scheduling under the nonlinear model intractable and the conventional linear approximation infeasible. A piecewise linear model approximation with feasibility projection is proposed, resulting in a computationally efficient model predictive control for hydrogen storage operation. Several resilience performance measures, such as loss-of-load, duration-of-outage, and system cost, are used in performance evaluation. Simulations for the proposed optimization demonstrated a 13%-48% reduction in duration-of-outage, a 6.4%-21.7% reduction in system cost, and a 95% reduction in loss-of-load for critical loads compared to the scheduling algorithm involving linear model approximation. The performance gap of the proposed optimization to the benchmark involving the accurate nonlinear electrochemical model is less than 1% in most metrics.