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Two-sided Acoustic Metascreen for Broadband and Individual Reflection and Transmission Control
Published 12 Mar 2024 in eess.AS and cs.SD | (2403.10548v1)
Abstract: Acoustic wave modulation plays a pivotal role in various applications, including sound-field reconstruction, wireless communication, and particle manipulation, among others. However, current acoustic metamaterial and metasurface designs typically focus on controlling either reflection or transmission waves, often overlooking the coupling between amplitude and phase of acoustic waves. To fulfill this gap, we propose and experimentally validate a design enabling complete control of reflected and transmitted acoustic waves individually across a frequency range of 4 kHz to 8 kHz, allowing arbitrary combinations of amplitude and phase for reflected and transmitted sound in a broadband manner. Additionally, we demonstrate the significance of our approach for sound manipulation by achieving acoustic diffusion, reflection, focusing, and generating a two-sided 3D hologram at three distinct frequencies. These findings open an alternative avenue for extensively engineering sound waves, promising applications in acoustics and related fields.
- Assouar, B., Liang, B., Wu, Y., Li, Y., Cheng, J.-C., Jing, Y.: Acoustic metasurfaces. Nat. Rev. Mater. 3(12), 460–472 (2018) (3) Zheludev, N.I., Kivshar, Y.S.: From metamaterials to metadevices. Nat. Mater. 11(11), 917–924 (2012) (4) Sun, S., He, Q., Xiao, S., Xu, Q., Li, X., Zhou, L.: Gradient-index meta-surfaces as a bridge linking propagating waves and surface waves. Nat. Mater. 11(5), 426–431 (2012) (5) Yu, N., Genevet, P., Kats, M.A., Aieta, F., Tetienne, J.-P., Capasso, F., Gaburro, Z.: Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science. 334(6054), 333–337 (2011) (6) Ni, X., Emani, N.K., Kildishev, A.V., Boltasseva, A., Shalaev, V.M.: Broadband light bending with plasmonic nanoantennas. Science. 335(6067), 427–427 (2012) (7) Cui, T.J., Qi, M.Q., Wan, X., Zhao, J., Cheng, Q.: Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials. Light Sci. Appl. 3(10), 218–218 (2014) (8) Chen, K., Ding, G., Hu, G., Jin, Z., Zhao, J., Feng, Y., Jiang, T., Alù, A., Qiu, C.-W.: Directional janus metasurface. Adv. Mater. 32(2), 1906352 (2020) (9) Liu, L., Zhang, X., Kenney, M., Su, X., Xu, N., Ouyang, C., Shi, Y., Han, J., Zhang, W., Zhang, S.: Broadband metasurfaces with simultaneous control of phase and amplitude. Adv. Mater. 26(29), 5031–5036 (2014) (10) Pendry, J.B.: Negative refraction makes a perfect lens. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(18), 3966 (2000) (11) Shelby, R.A., Smith, D.R., Schultz, S.: Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science. 292(5514), 77–79 (2001) (12) Shalaev, V.M., Cai, W., Chettiar, U.K., Yuan, H.-K., Sarychev, A.K., Drachev, V.P., Kildishev, A.V.: Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials. Opt. Lett. 30(24), 3356–3358 (2005) (13) Silveirinha, M., Engheta, N.: Tunneling of electromagnetic energy through subwavelength channels and bends using ε𝜀\varepsilonitalic_ε-near-zero materials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(15), 157403 (2006) (14) Fang, N., Lee, H., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens. Science. 308(5721), 534–537 (2005) (15) Wang, Y., Chen, Q., Yang, W., Ji, Z., Jin, L., Ma, X., Song, Q., Boltasseva, A., Han, J., Shalaev, V.M., et al.: High-efficiency broadband achromatic metalens for near-ir biological imaging window. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 5560 (2021) (16) Grier, D.G.: A revolution in optical manipulation. Nature. 424(6950), 810–816 (2003) (17) Padgett, M., Bowman, R.: Tweezers with a twist. Nat. Photonics. 5(6), 343–348 (2011) (18) Fleury, R., Sounas, D., Alù, A.: An invisible acoustic sensor based on parity-time symmetry. Nat. Commun. 6(1), 5905 (2015) (19) Li, J., Shen, C., Díaz-Rubio, A., Tretyakov, S.A., Cummer, S.A.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of bianisotropic metasurfaces for scattering-free manipulation of acoustic wavefronts. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1342 (2018) (20) Melde, K., Mark, A.G., Qiu, T., Fischer, P.: Holograms for acoustics. Nature. 537(7621), 518–522 (2016) (21) Fu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Yang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, M.: Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022) (22) Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nat. Mater. 5(6), 452–456 (2006) (23) Ozcelik, A., Rufo, J., Guo, F., Gu, Y., Li, P., Lata, J., Huang, T.J.: Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences. Nat. Methods. 15(12), 1021–1028 (2018) (24) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zheludev, N.I., Kivshar, Y.S.: From metamaterials to metadevices. Nat. Mater. 11(11), 917–924 (2012) (4) Sun, S., He, Q., Xiao, S., Xu, Q., Li, X., Zhou, L.: Gradient-index meta-surfaces as a bridge linking propagating waves and surface waves. Nat. Mater. 11(5), 426–431 (2012) (5) Yu, N., Genevet, P., Kats, M.A., Aieta, F., Tetienne, J.-P., Capasso, F., Gaburro, Z.: Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science. 334(6054), 333–337 (2011) (6) Ni, X., Emani, N.K., Kildishev, A.V., Boltasseva, A., Shalaev, V.M.: Broadband light bending with plasmonic nanoantennas. Science. 335(6067), 427–427 (2012) (7) Cui, T.J., Qi, M.Q., Wan, X., Zhao, J., Cheng, Q.: Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials. Light Sci. Appl. 3(10), 218–218 (2014) (8) Chen, K., Ding, G., Hu, G., Jin, Z., Zhao, J., Feng, Y., Jiang, T., Alù, A., Qiu, C.-W.: Directional janus metasurface. Adv. Mater. 32(2), 1906352 (2020) (9) Liu, L., Zhang, X., Kenney, M., Su, X., Xu, N., Ouyang, C., Shi, Y., Han, J., Zhang, W., Zhang, S.: Broadband metasurfaces with simultaneous control of phase and amplitude. Adv. Mater. 26(29), 5031–5036 (2014) (10) Pendry, J.B.: Negative refraction makes a perfect lens. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(18), 3966 (2000) (11) Shelby, R.A., Smith, D.R., Schultz, S.: Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science. 292(5514), 77–79 (2001) (12) Shalaev, V.M., Cai, W., Chettiar, U.K., Yuan, H.-K., Sarychev, A.K., Drachev, V.P., Kildishev, A.V.: Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials. Opt. Lett. 30(24), 3356–3358 (2005) (13) Silveirinha, M., Engheta, N.: Tunneling of electromagnetic energy through subwavelength channels and bends using ε𝜀\varepsilonitalic_ε-near-zero materials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(15), 157403 (2006) (14) Fang, N., Lee, H., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens. Science. 308(5721), 534–537 (2005) (15) Wang, Y., Chen, Q., Yang, W., Ji, Z., Jin, L., Ma, X., Song, Q., Boltasseva, A., Han, J., Shalaev, V.M., et al.: High-efficiency broadband achromatic metalens for near-ir biological imaging window. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 5560 (2021) (16) Grier, D.G.: A revolution in optical manipulation. Nature. 424(6950), 810–816 (2003) (17) Padgett, M., Bowman, R.: Tweezers with a twist. Nat. Photonics. 5(6), 343–348 (2011) (18) Fleury, R., Sounas, D., Alù, A.: An invisible acoustic sensor based on parity-time symmetry. Nat. Commun. 6(1), 5905 (2015) (19) Li, J., Shen, C., Díaz-Rubio, A., Tretyakov, S.A., Cummer, S.A.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of bianisotropic metasurfaces for scattering-free manipulation of acoustic wavefronts. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1342 (2018) (20) Melde, K., Mark, A.G., Qiu, T., Fischer, P.: Holograms for acoustics. Nature. 537(7621), 518–522 (2016) (21) Fu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Yang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, M.: Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022) (22) Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nat. Mater. 5(6), 452–456 (2006) (23) Ozcelik, A., Rufo, J., Guo, F., Gu, Y., Li, P., Lata, J., Huang, T.J.: Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences. Nat. Methods. 15(12), 1021–1028 (2018) (24) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Sun, S., He, Q., Xiao, S., Xu, Q., Li, X., Zhou, L.: Gradient-index meta-surfaces as a bridge linking propagating waves and surface waves. Nat. Mater. 11(5), 426–431 (2012) (5) Yu, N., Genevet, P., Kats, M.A., Aieta, F., Tetienne, J.-P., Capasso, F., Gaburro, Z.: Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science. 334(6054), 333–337 (2011) (6) Ni, X., Emani, N.K., Kildishev, A.V., Boltasseva, A., Shalaev, V.M.: Broadband light bending with plasmonic nanoantennas. Science. 335(6067), 427–427 (2012) (7) Cui, T.J., Qi, M.Q., Wan, X., Zhao, J., Cheng, Q.: Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials. Light Sci. Appl. 3(10), 218–218 (2014) (8) Chen, K., Ding, G., Hu, G., Jin, Z., Zhao, J., Feng, Y., Jiang, T., Alù, A., Qiu, C.-W.: Directional janus metasurface. Adv. Mater. 32(2), 1906352 (2020) (9) Liu, L., Zhang, X., Kenney, M., Su, X., Xu, N., Ouyang, C., Shi, Y., Han, J., Zhang, W., Zhang, S.: Broadband metasurfaces with simultaneous control of phase and amplitude. Adv. Mater. 26(29), 5031–5036 (2014) (10) Pendry, J.B.: Negative refraction makes a perfect lens. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(18), 3966 (2000) (11) Shelby, R.A., Smith, D.R., Schultz, S.: Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science. 292(5514), 77–79 (2001) (12) Shalaev, V.M., Cai, W., Chettiar, U.K., Yuan, H.-K., Sarychev, A.K., Drachev, V.P., Kildishev, A.V.: Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials. Opt. Lett. 30(24), 3356–3358 (2005) (13) Silveirinha, M., Engheta, N.: Tunneling of electromagnetic energy through subwavelength channels and bends using ε𝜀\varepsilonitalic_ε-near-zero materials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(15), 157403 (2006) (14) Fang, N., Lee, H., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens. Science. 308(5721), 534–537 (2005) (15) Wang, Y., Chen, Q., Yang, W., Ji, Z., Jin, L., Ma, X., Song, Q., Boltasseva, A., Han, J., Shalaev, V.M., et al.: High-efficiency broadband achromatic metalens for near-ir biological imaging window. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 5560 (2021) (16) Grier, D.G.: A revolution in optical manipulation. Nature. 424(6950), 810–816 (2003) (17) Padgett, M., Bowman, R.: Tweezers with a twist. Nat. Photonics. 5(6), 343–348 (2011) (18) Fleury, R., Sounas, D., Alù, A.: An invisible acoustic sensor based on parity-time symmetry. Nat. Commun. 6(1), 5905 (2015) (19) Li, J., Shen, C., Díaz-Rubio, A., Tretyakov, S.A., Cummer, S.A.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of bianisotropic metasurfaces for scattering-free manipulation of acoustic wavefronts. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1342 (2018) (20) Melde, K., Mark, A.G., Qiu, T., Fischer, P.: Holograms for acoustics. Nature. 537(7621), 518–522 (2016) (21) Fu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Yang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, M.: Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022) (22) Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nat. Mater. 5(6), 452–456 (2006) (23) Ozcelik, A., Rufo, J., Guo, F., Gu, Y., Li, P., Lata, J., Huang, T.J.: Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences. Nat. Methods. 15(12), 1021–1028 (2018) (24) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 26(29), 5031–5036 (2014) (10) Pendry, J.B.: Negative refraction makes a perfect lens. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(18), 3966 (2000) (11) Shelby, R.A., Smith, D.R., Schultz, S.: Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science. 292(5514), 77–79 (2001) (12) Shalaev, V.M., Cai, W., Chettiar, U.K., Yuan, H.-K., Sarychev, A.K., Drachev, V.P., Kildishev, A.V.: Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials. Opt. Lett. 30(24), 3356–3358 (2005) (13) Silveirinha, M., Engheta, N.: Tunneling of electromagnetic energy through subwavelength channels and bends using ε𝜀\varepsilonitalic_ε-near-zero materials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(15), 157403 (2006) (14) Fang, N., Lee, H., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens. 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Nature. 537(7621), 518–522 (2016) (21) Fu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Yang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, M.: Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022) (22) Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nat. Mater. 5(6), 452–456 (2006) (23) Ozcelik, A., Rufo, J., Guo, F., Gu, Y., Li, P., Lata, J., Huang, T.J.: Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences. Nat. Methods. 15(12), 1021–1028 (2018) (24) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. 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Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Liu, L., Zhang, X., Kenney, M., Su, X., Xu, N., Ouyang, C., Shi, Y., Han, J., Zhang, W., Zhang, S.: Broadband metasurfaces with simultaneous control of phase and amplitude. Adv. Mater. 26(29), 5031–5036 (2014) (10) Pendry, J.B.: Negative refraction makes a perfect lens. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(18), 3966 (2000) (11) Shelby, R.A., Smith, D.R., Schultz, S.: Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science. 292(5514), 77–79 (2001) (12) Shalaev, V.M., Cai, W., Chettiar, U.K., Yuan, H.-K., Sarychev, A.K., Drachev, V.P., Kildishev, A.V.: Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials. Opt. Lett. 30(24), 3356–3358 (2005) (13) Silveirinha, M., Engheta, N.: Tunneling of electromagnetic energy through subwavelength channels and bends using ε𝜀\varepsilonitalic_ε-near-zero materials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(15), 157403 (2006) (14) Fang, N., Lee, H., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens. Science. 308(5721), 534–537 (2005) (15) Wang, Y., Chen, Q., Yang, W., Ji, Z., Jin, L., Ma, X., Song, Q., Boltasseva, A., Han, J., Shalaev, V.M., et al.: High-efficiency broadband achromatic metalens for near-ir biological imaging window. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 5560 (2021) (16) Grier, D.G.: A revolution in optical manipulation. Nature. 424(6950), 810–816 (2003) (17) Padgett, M., Bowman, R.: Tweezers with a twist. Nat. Photonics. 5(6), 343–348 (2011) (18) Fleury, R., Sounas, D., Alù, A.: An invisible acoustic sensor based on parity-time symmetry. Nat. Commun. 6(1), 5905 (2015) (19) Li, J., Shen, C., Díaz-Rubio, A., Tretyakov, S.A., Cummer, S.A.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of bianisotropic metasurfaces for scattering-free manipulation of acoustic wavefronts. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1342 (2018) (20) Melde, K., Mark, A.G., Qiu, T., Fischer, P.: Holograms for acoustics. Nature. 537(7621), 518–522 (2016) (21) Fu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Yang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, M.: Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022) (22) Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nat. Mater. 5(6), 452–456 (2006) (23) Ozcelik, A., Rufo, J., Guo, F., Gu, Y., Li, P., Lata, J., Huang, T.J.: Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences. Nat. Methods. 15(12), 1021–1028 (2018) (24) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. 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Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. 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Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. 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Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. 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Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Liu, L., Zhang, X., Kenney, M., Su, X., Xu, N., Ouyang, C., Shi, Y., Han, J., Zhang, W., Zhang, S.: Broadband metasurfaces with simultaneous control of phase and amplitude. Adv. Mater. 26(29), 5031–5036 (2014) (10) Pendry, J.B.: Negative refraction makes a perfect lens. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(18), 3966 (2000) (11) Shelby, R.A., Smith, D.R., Schultz, S.: Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science. 292(5514), 77–79 (2001) (12) Shalaev, V.M., Cai, W., Chettiar, U.K., Yuan, H.-K., Sarychev, A.K., Drachev, V.P., Kildishev, A.V.: Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials. Opt. Lett. 30(24), 3356–3358 (2005) (13) Silveirinha, M., Engheta, N.: Tunneling of electromagnetic energy through subwavelength channels and bends using ε𝜀\varepsilonitalic_ε-near-zero materials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(15), 157403 (2006) (14) Fang, N., Lee, H., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens. Science. 308(5721), 534–537 (2005) (15) Wang, Y., Chen, Q., Yang, W., Ji, Z., Jin, L., Ma, X., Song, Q., Boltasseva, A., Han, J., Shalaev, V.M., et al.: High-efficiency broadband achromatic metalens for near-ir biological imaging window. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 5560 (2021) (16) Grier, D.G.: A revolution in optical manipulation. Nature. 424(6950), 810–816 (2003) (17) Padgett, M., Bowman, R.: Tweezers with a twist. Nat. Photonics. 5(6), 343–348 (2011) (18) Fleury, R., Sounas, D., Alù, A.: An invisible acoustic sensor based on parity-time symmetry. Nat. Commun. 6(1), 5905 (2015) (19) Li, J., Shen, C., Díaz-Rubio, A., Tretyakov, S.A., Cummer, S.A.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of bianisotropic metasurfaces for scattering-free manipulation of acoustic wavefronts. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1342 (2018) (20) Melde, K., Mark, A.G., Qiu, T., Fischer, P.: Holograms for acoustics. Nature. 537(7621), 518–522 (2016) (21) Fu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Yang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, M.: Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022) (22) Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nat. Mater. 5(6), 452–456 (2006) (23) Ozcelik, A., Rufo, J., Guo, F., Gu, Y., Li, P., Lata, J., Huang, T.J.: Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences. Nat. Methods. 15(12), 1021–1028 (2018) (24) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. 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Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Cui, T.J., Qi, M.Q., Wan, X., Zhao, J., Cheng, Q.: Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials. Light Sci. Appl. 3(10), 218–218 (2014) (8) Chen, K., Ding, G., Hu, G., Jin, Z., Zhao, J., Feng, Y., Jiang, T., Alù, A., Qiu, C.-W.: Directional janus metasurface. Adv. Mater. 32(2), 1906352 (2020) (9) Liu, L., Zhang, X., Kenney, M., Su, X., Xu, N., Ouyang, C., Shi, Y., Han, J., Zhang, W., Zhang, S.: Broadband metasurfaces with simultaneous control of phase and amplitude. Adv. Mater. 26(29), 5031–5036 (2014) (10) Pendry, J.B.: Negative refraction makes a perfect lens. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(18), 3966 (2000) (11) Shelby, R.A., Smith, D.R., Schultz, S.: Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science. 292(5514), 77–79 (2001) (12) Shalaev, V.M., Cai, W., Chettiar, U.K., Yuan, H.-K., Sarychev, A.K., Drachev, V.P., Kildishev, A.V.: Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials. Opt. Lett. 30(24), 3356–3358 (2005) (13) Silveirinha, M., Engheta, N.: Tunneling of electromagnetic energy through subwavelength channels and bends using ε𝜀\varepsilonitalic_ε-near-zero materials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(15), 157403 (2006) (14) Fang, N., Lee, H., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens. Science. 308(5721), 534–537 (2005) (15) Wang, Y., Chen, Q., Yang, W., Ji, Z., Jin, L., Ma, X., Song, Q., Boltasseva, A., Han, J., Shalaev, V.M., et al.: High-efficiency broadband achromatic metalens for near-ir biological imaging window. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 5560 (2021) (16) Grier, D.G.: A revolution in optical manipulation. Nature. 424(6950), 810–816 (2003) (17) Padgett, M., Bowman, R.: Tweezers with a twist. Nat. Photonics. 5(6), 343–348 (2011) (18) Fleury, R., Sounas, D., Alù, A.: An invisible acoustic sensor based on parity-time symmetry. Nat. Commun. 6(1), 5905 (2015) (19) Li, J., Shen, C., Díaz-Rubio, A., Tretyakov, S.A., Cummer, S.A.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of bianisotropic metasurfaces for scattering-free manipulation of acoustic wavefronts. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1342 (2018) (20) Melde, K., Mark, A.G., Qiu, T., Fischer, P.: Holograms for acoustics. Nature. 537(7621), 518–522 (2016) (21) Fu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Yang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, M.: Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022) (22) Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nat. Mater. 5(6), 452–456 (2006) (23) Ozcelik, A., Rufo, J., Guo, F., Gu, Y., Li, P., Lata, J., Huang, T.J.: Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences. Nat. Methods. 15(12), 1021–1028 (2018) (24) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. 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Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. 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Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Cui, T.J., Qi, M.Q., Wan, X., Zhao, J., Cheng, Q.: Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials. Light Sci. Appl. 3(10), 218–218 (2014) (8) Chen, K., Ding, G., Hu, G., Jin, Z., Zhao, J., Feng, Y., Jiang, T., Alù, A., Qiu, C.-W.: Directional janus metasurface. Adv. Mater. 32(2), 1906352 (2020) (9) Liu, L., Zhang, X., Kenney, M., Su, X., Xu, N., Ouyang, C., Shi, Y., Han, J., Zhang, W., Zhang, S.: Broadband metasurfaces with simultaneous control of phase and amplitude. Adv. Mater. 26(29), 5031–5036 (2014) (10) Pendry, J.B.: Negative refraction makes a perfect lens. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(18), 3966 (2000) (11) Shelby, R.A., Smith, D.R., Schultz, S.: Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science. 292(5514), 77–79 (2001) (12) Shalaev, V.M., Cai, W., Chettiar, U.K., Yuan, H.-K., Sarychev, A.K., Drachev, V.P., Kildishev, A.V.: Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials. Opt. Lett. 30(24), 3356–3358 (2005) (13) Silveirinha, M., Engheta, N.: Tunneling of electromagnetic energy through subwavelength channels and bends using ε𝜀\varepsilonitalic_ε-near-zero materials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(15), 157403 (2006) (14) Fang, N., Lee, H., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens. Science. 308(5721), 534–537 (2005) (15) Wang, Y., Chen, Q., Yang, W., Ji, Z., Jin, L., Ma, X., Song, Q., Boltasseva, A., Han, J., Shalaev, V.M., et al.: High-efficiency broadband achromatic metalens for near-ir biological imaging window. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 5560 (2021) (16) Grier, D.G.: A revolution in optical manipulation. Nature. 424(6950), 810–816 (2003) (17) Padgett, M., Bowman, R.: Tweezers with a twist. Nat. Photonics. 5(6), 343–348 (2011) (18) Fleury, R., Sounas, D., Alù, A.: An invisible acoustic sensor based on parity-time symmetry. Nat. Commun. 6(1), 5905 (2015) (19) Li, J., Shen, C., Díaz-Rubio, A., Tretyakov, S.A., Cummer, S.A.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of bianisotropic metasurfaces for scattering-free manipulation of acoustic wavefronts. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1342 (2018) (20) Melde, K., Mark, A.G., Qiu, T., Fischer, P.: Holograms for acoustics. Nature. 537(7621), 518–522 (2016) (21) Fu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Yang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, M.: Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022) (22) Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nat. Mater. 5(6), 452–456 (2006) (23) Ozcelik, A., Rufo, J., Guo, F., Gu, Y., Li, P., Lata, J., Huang, T.J.: Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences. Nat. Methods. 15(12), 1021–1028 (2018) (24) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. 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Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. 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Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. 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Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. 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Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. 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Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Melde, K., Mark, A.G., Qiu, T., Fischer, P.: Holograms for acoustics. Nature. 537(7621), 518–522 (2016) (21) Fu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Yang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, M.: Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022) (22) Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nat. Mater. 5(6), 452–456 (2006) (23) Ozcelik, A., Rufo, J., Guo, F., Gu, Y., Li, P., Lata, J., Huang, T.J.: Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences. Nat. Methods. 15(12), 1021–1028 (2018) (24) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. 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Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. 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Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Shalaev, V.M., Cai, W., Chettiar, U.K., Yuan, H.-K., Sarychev, A.K., Drachev, V.P., Kildishev, A.V.: Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials. Opt. Lett. 30(24), 3356–3358 (2005) (13) Silveirinha, M., Engheta, N.: Tunneling of electromagnetic energy through subwavelength channels and bends using ε𝜀\varepsilonitalic_ε-near-zero materials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(15), 157403 (2006) (14) Fang, N., Lee, H., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens. Science. 308(5721), 534–537 (2005) (15) Wang, Y., Chen, Q., Yang, W., Ji, Z., Jin, L., Ma, X., Song, Q., Boltasseva, A., Han, J., Shalaev, V.M., et al.: High-efficiency broadband achromatic metalens for near-ir biological imaging window. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 5560 (2021) (16) Grier, D.G.: A revolution in optical manipulation. Nature. 424(6950), 810–816 (2003) (17) Padgett, M., Bowman, R.: Tweezers with a twist. Nat. 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Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. 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Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. 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Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. 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Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. 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Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. 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Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. 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Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. 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Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. 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Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Li, J., Shen, C., Díaz-Rubio, A., Tretyakov, S.A., Cummer, S.A.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of bianisotropic metasurfaces for scattering-free manipulation of acoustic wavefronts. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1342 (2018) (20) Melde, K., Mark, A.G., Qiu, T., Fischer, P.: Holograms for acoustics. Nature. 537(7621), 518–522 (2016) (21) Fu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Yang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, M.: Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022) (22) Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nat. Mater. 5(6), 452–456 (2006) (23) Ozcelik, A., Rufo, J., Guo, F., Gu, Y., Li, P., Lata, J., Huang, T.J.: Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences. Nat. Methods. 15(12), 1021–1028 (2018) (24) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Melde, K., Mark, A.G., Qiu, T., Fischer, P.: Holograms for acoustics. Nature. 537(7621), 518–522 (2016) (21) Fu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Yang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, M.: Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022) (22) Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nat. Mater. 5(6), 452–456 (2006) (23) Ozcelik, A., Rufo, J., Guo, F., Gu, Y., Li, P., Lata, J., Huang, T.J.: Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences. Nat. Methods. 15(12), 1021–1028 (2018) (24) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Fu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Yang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, M.: Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022) (22) Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nat. Mater. 5(6), 452–456 (2006) (23) Ozcelik, A., Rufo, J., Guo, F., Gu, Y., Li, P., Lata, J., Huang, T.J.: Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences. Nat. Methods. 15(12), 1021–1028 (2018) (24) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. 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Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. 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Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. 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Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. 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Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Fu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Yang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, M.: Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022) (22) Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nat. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. 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Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. 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Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. 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Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. 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Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. 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Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Melde, K., Mark, A.G., Qiu, T., Fischer, P.: Holograms for acoustics. Nature. 537(7621), 518–522 (2016) (21) Fu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, X., Yang, S., Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Lu, M.: Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022) (22) Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., Zhang, X.: Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nat. Mater. 5(6), 452–456 (2006) (23) Ozcelik, A., Rufo, J., Guo, F., Gu, Y., Li, P., Lata, J., Huang, T.J.: Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences. Nat. Methods. 15(12), 1021–1028 (2018) (24) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. 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Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. 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Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. 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Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. 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Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. 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Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Heo, H., Zhong, J., Oudich, M., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-enabled wireless and contactless ultrasonic power transfer and data transmission through a metallic wall. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014059 (2024) (25) Dong, E., Song, Z., Zhang, Y., Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, S., He, Q., Zhao, X., Fang, N.X.: Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching. Sci. Adv. 6(44), 3641 (2020) (26) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. 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Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. 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Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. 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Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. 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Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. 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Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. 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Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. 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Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Wu, K., Liu, J.-J., Ding, Y.-j., Wang, W., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Metamaterial-based real-time communication with high information density by multipath twisting of acoustic wave. Nat. Commun. 13(1), 5171 (2022) (27) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. 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Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Gao, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X.: Emitting long-distance spiral airborne sound using low-profile planar acoustic antenna. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2006 (2021) (28) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Broadband labyrinthine acoustic insulator. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064057 (2022) (29) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. 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Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. 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Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. 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Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. 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Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Composite acoustic metamaterial for broadband low-frequency acoustic attenuation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 20(1), 014011 (2023) (30) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhang, J., Rui, W., Ma, C., Cheng, Y., Liu, X., Christensen, J.: Remote whispering metamaterial for non-radiative transceiving of ultra-weak sound. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 3670 (2021) (31) Ji, J., Zhao, C., Yao, F., Oishi, T., Stewart, J., Jing, Y.: Metamaterial-augmented head-mounted audio module. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8(19), 2300834 (2023) (32) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(6) (2016) (40) Esfahlani, H., Karkar, S., Lissek, H., Mosig, J.R.: Acoustic carpet cloak based on an ultrathin metasurface. Phys. Rev. B. 94(1), 014302 (2016) (41) Chen, A., Yang, Z., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Angle-variant metamaterial with reconfigurable phase modulation. Phys. Rev. Appl. 21(1), 014062 (2024) (42) Shang, G., Li, H., Wang, Z., Burokur, S.N., Zhang, K., Liu, J., Wu, Q., Ding, X., Ding, X.: Transmission–reflection-integrated multiplexed janus metasurface. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3(6), 2638–2645 (2021) (43) Zhang, L., Wu, R.Y., Bai, G.D., Wu, H.T., Ma, Q., Chen, X.Q., Cui, T.J.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full-space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(33), 1802205 (2018) (44) Wang, H.L., Ma, H.F., Chen, M., Sun, S., Cui, T.J.: A reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface for full-space control of electromagnetic waves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(25), 2100275 (2021) (45) Fleury, R., Sounas, D.L., Sieck, C.F., Haberman, M.R., Alù, A.: Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Science. 343(6170), 516–519 (2014) (46) Zhu, Y., Cao, L., Merkel, A., Fan, S.-W., Vincent, B., Assouar, B.: Janus acoustic metascreen with nonreciprocal and reconfigurable phase modulations. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 7089 (2021) (47) Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. 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Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Ma, G., Yang, M., Xiao, S., Yang, Z., Sheng, P.: Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 873–878 (2014) (33) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(27), 2101947 (2021) (37) Xu, M., Harley, W.S., Ma, Z., Lee, P.V., Collins, D.J.: Sound-speed modifying acoustic metasurfaces for acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. 35(14), 2208002 (2023) (38) Li, X., Liu, M.-H., Li, Z.-L., Zou, X.-Y., Zhu, X.-F., Liang, B., Cheng, J.-C.: Ultrathin acoustic holography. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 10(8), 2300034 (2023) (39) Faure, C., Richoux, O., Félix, S., Pagneux, V.: Experiments on metasurface carpet cloaking for audible acoustics. Appl. Phys. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Gu, Y., Fu, H., Cummer, S.A., Huang, T.J.: Programmable acoustic metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(13), 1808489 (2019) (34) Ghaffarivardavagh, R., Nikolajczyk, J., Glynn Holt, R., Anderson, S., Zhang, X.: Horn-like space-coiling metamaterials toward simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1349 (2018) (35) Tang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, N., Li, S., Shen, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, X., Zang, J.: Hollow-out patterning ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for multifunctionalities using soft fiber/rigid bead networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(36), 1801127 (2018) (36) Zhu, Y., Gerard, N.J., Xia, X., Stevenson, G.C., Cao, L., Fan, S., Spadaccini, C.M., Jing, Y., Assouar, B.: Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic metaholograms. Adv. Funct. 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Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997)
- Ding, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Wan, X., Cheng, J.: Experimental demonstration of acoustic chern insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(1), 014302 (2019) (48) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997)
- Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Cheng, H., Tian, J., Chen, S.: Transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional continuously tunable metasurfaces for decoupled modulation of acoustic waves. Phys. Rev. Appl. 17(4), 044027 (2022) (49) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997)
- Shi, J., Liu, C., Guo, C., Chu, H., Liu, X., Christensen, J., Lai, Y.: Broadband acoustic metaveils for configurable camouflage. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(6), 064064 (2022) (50) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997)
- Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Fan, X., Yang, J., Liang, B., Zhu, X., Cheng, J.: Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase. Nat. Commun. 9(1), 1632 (2018) (51) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997)
- Fan, X., Zhu, Y., Su, Z., Li, N., Huang, X., Kang, Y., Li, C., Weng, C., Zhang, H., Liang, B., et al.: Ultrabroadband and reconfigurable transmissive acoustic metascreen. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2300752 (2023) (52) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997) Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997)
- Liu, D.-L., Waag, R.C.: Propagation and backpropagation for ultrasonic wavefront design. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 44(1), 1–13 (1997)
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