Stationary forcing: do the same results hold?

Determine whether the numerical and statistical results obtained for gravitational wave turbulence within the Hadad–Zakharov metric under freely decaying initial conditions are reproduced in a statistically forced stationary regime.

Background

The paper presents direct numerical simulations of gravitational wave turbulence within the Hadad–Zakharov (HZ) metric and reports several statistical features, including a dual cascade and scaling behaviours. These simulations are performed in a freely decaying setting (no external forcing).

The authors note that assessing intermittency and other statistics would benefit from a statistically steady state, prompting the question of whether the same results would hold under sustained forcing.